FUNGAL
GLOSSARY
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Acuminate
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Tapering to
a sharp point
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Adnate
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In which
gill is broadly attached to the stem
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Adnexed
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In which
gill is narrowly attached to the stem
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Adpressed
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Lying
closely against a surface
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Agaric
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Fungi with
gills
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Allantoid
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As in spore,
cylindrically curved, sausage shaped
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Amorphous
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Unclear in
shape or form
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| Amyloid | Changing
colour to blue/black in Melzers reagent
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Annulus
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Membranous
collar (remnant of veil) around the stem; usually referred to as the ring
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Apical
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Towards the
apex
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Ascomycete
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Major group
of fungi in which spores are produced in a sac (ascus) and are liberated
by pressure
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Ascospore
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A
spore of
the ascomycetes
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| Ascus | Flask shaped structure in which ascospores are produced and ejected |
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Basal
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Area at base
of stipe
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Basidiospore
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A spore of a
basidiomycete
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| Basidiomycete | A major group containing fungi characterised by the development of basidia on which sexual basidiospores are produced |
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Basidium
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Microscopic
structure on which basidiospores develop
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Bulbous
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In which
base of stipe is swollen
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Campanulate
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Bell-shaped
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Capillitum
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Sterile
fibres located amongst spores within the fruiting bodies of Gasteromycetes
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Capitate
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Round headed
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Chlamydospore
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Thick walled
asexual spore
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Ciliate
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Fringed with
hairs
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| Clavate
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Club-shaped |
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Collar
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A ring-like
structure located at the apex of the stipe
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Concave
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Inwardly
depressed, opposite of convex
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Concolorous
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Of the same
colour
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Convex
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Domed,
opposite of concave
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Cortina
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A partial
web-like veil located between cap edge to stipe enclosing the gills
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Cystidium
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A sterile
cell found in the hymenium of Basidiomycetes.
Variable in shape
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Decurrent
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In which
gill is found to be running down the stem where attached
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Dendroid
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Tree-like
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Dentate
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With small
tooth-like projections
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Denticulate
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With small
teeth, serrated
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Depressed
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When cap is
slightly concave
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Dextroid
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Turning
reddish brown with use of Melzers reagent
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Ellipsoid
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In which
spores are elliptical with conical projections on one plane
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Emarginate
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In which
gills are notched before joining the stem
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Ephemeral
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Transient,
short lived
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Erumpent
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Arising
below the bark and breaking out into the open air
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Excentric
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Not exactly
central as in the stipes apex joining the stem
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Farinose
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Covered with
fine mealy particles
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Fibril
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A small
fibre
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Fibrilose
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Covered in
short fibres
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Filiform
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Thread-like
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Fimbriate
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Fringed
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Fimicolous
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Growing on
dung or excreta
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Floccose
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Covered with
cottony tufts
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Free
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In which
gill is not connected to the stipe
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Fugacious
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Transient,
short lived
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Fusiform
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In which
spore is spindle shaped, narrow at both ends
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Gasteromycetes
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A large group of fungi (inc. Earthstars and puffballs) characterised by producing spores within the fruiting body. |
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Glabrous
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Lacking
hair, smooth
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Gleba
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Fleshy spore
producing mass found within Gasteromycetes
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Granulate
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Covered with
tiny granules
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Guttation
drops
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A secretion
made by the fruiting bodies of certain species
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Hispid
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With dense,
stiff hairs
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Hyaline
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Colourless
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Hygrophorus
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In which the
cap is translucent when wet but paler when dry
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Hymenium
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A fertile
layer that contains spore forming cells
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Inferior
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In which the
annulus is positioned below the centre on the stipe
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Infundibuliform
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Funnel-shaped
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Laccinate
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Containing
fine deep cuts or tears
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Lanceolate
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Spear-shaped
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Latex
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Milk exuded
by Lactarius species
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Lignicolous
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Growing on
or in wood, not on the bark
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Lateral
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In which the
stipe is attached to the side of the cap
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Lamellate
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Possessing
gills or lamellae
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Ligulate
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Strap-shaped
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Marginate
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In which
bulb has well defined upper edge
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Median
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In which
annulus is positioned at mid height on the stipe
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Mycelium
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The
underground vegetative state of fungi comprising of a mass of thread like
filaments
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Mealy
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smelling or
tasting of flour/dough; covered in granules
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Nodulose
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In which
spore is covered in small raised nodules
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Ochraceous
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Bright clay
colour, yellow brown
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Ovoid
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Egg-shaped
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Palmate
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Lobed from a
central point
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Papilla
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Nipple-like
projection
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Pectinate
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Highly
defined comb like lines in the margin of the cap
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Pruinose
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With a
bloom, finely powdered
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Pulvinate
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Cushion-like
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Punctate
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Having small
dots or spots
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Putrescent
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Soft and
easily decaying
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Pyriform
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Pear-shaped
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Reflexed
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Aggressively
turned back or up
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Refractive
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Shiny
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Remote
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In which
gills or pores lie separate from the stipe by a zone of cap flesh
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Reniform
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Kidney-shaped
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Resupinate
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Reclining
over the surface and mostly attached to the substrate with spore producing
surface facing up/outwards
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Rhizoid
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Root like
structure made up of dense mass of mycelium
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Rimose
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Radially
fissured
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Rostrate
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Beaked
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Rufous
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Dark
reddish-brown
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Rugose
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Rough,
covered in small wrinkles
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Rugulose
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Minutely
roughened
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Saccate
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Bag-like
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Saprophyte
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Living on
dead organisms
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Scurfy
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In which cap
and stem surface is covered with small loose scales
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Serrate
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With
saw-like edge
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Sessile
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Lacking a
stem
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Sinuate
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In which
gills are notched before joining the stem
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Spathulate
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Flattened
oblong with a narrow base
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Spinulose
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With fine
spines
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Spore
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The
reproductive body of fungi
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Squamule
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A small
scale
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Stellate
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Star-like
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Stipe
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That
structure which supports the cap
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Striate
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In which cap
surface is furrowed or marked with radiating lines
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Strigose
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Possessing
large stiff hairs
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Stuffed
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In which
stipes central core is of a looser consistency than the outer surface
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Styptic
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Very acrid
in taste; harsh to the throat
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Sulcate
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Grooved
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Superior
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In which
annulus is positioned above mid height on the stipe
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Thallus
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A simple
plant, fungal fruit body
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Tomentose
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In which cap
and stem are densely matted and woolly
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Torulose
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In
appearance like a beaded necklace
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Turbinate
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Top shaped
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Umbilicate
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Having a
central depression
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Umbo
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Raised
centre of cap
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Utriform
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Bag-like
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Velar
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Referring to
a veil
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Velum
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A covering
over the fruit body
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Velum
partiale
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Connects cap
margin to stipe apex
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Velum
universale
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Covers the
whole fruit body
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Ventricose
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In which
gills are centrally broad and narrow towards both ends; swollen
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Vermiform
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Worm-like
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Verrucose
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Warty
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Vesicle
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Bladder-like
sac
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Vinaceous
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Wine
coloured
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Viscid
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Slippery or
slightly sticky to the touch
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Volva
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A membranous
remnant of the universal veil located at the base of the stipe
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